{"id":1862,"date":"2013-03-28T15:00:22","date_gmt":"2013-03-28T13:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/preventiva\/?p=1862"},"modified":"2013-03-29T17:04:40","modified_gmt":"2013-03-29T15:04:40","slug":"rotavirus-okuzba-rotavirus-simptomi-prenosi-rota-virusi-zdravljenje-rotavirus-preventiva-rotavirusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/preventiva\/rotavirus-okuzba-rotavirus-simptomi-prenosi-rota-virusi-zdravljenje-rotavirus-preventiva-rotavirusi.html","title":{"rendered":"Rotavirus \u2013 oku\u017eba, simptomi, prenosi in preventiva"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"V Sloveniji so oku\u017ebe z rotavirusi zelo pogoste! Oku\u017eba z rotavirusom – po doma\u010de ”\u010drevesna oku\u017eba”. Virus je prisoten povsod, najbolj pa pride do izraza pozimi. Najbolj ranljivi so otroci. Slabost, bruhanje in driska so najpogostej\u0161i znaki oku\u017ebe z rotavirusom. Rotavirus pa je najpogostej\u0161i vzrok hudega akutnega gastroenteritisa pri otrocih.<\/p>\n

\u0160tevilo prijavljenih primerov rotavirusnih oku\u017eb se je v letu 2011 pove\u010dalo za 52%.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rotavirus so odkrili \u0161ele leta 1973 in predstavlja 50% vzrokov hospitalizacij zaradi hudih drisk, dehidracij in bruhanja med otroci & odraslimi.<\/p>\n

Zaradi oku\u017ebe z rotavirusom po vsem svetu letno umre okoli 450.000 tiso\u010d otrok. Diagnosticira se ga v blatu pod mikroskopom. Od leta 2006 je na voljo cepivo.<\/p>\n

RNA Rotavirus A povzro\u010di 90% oku\u017eb. Poznamo \u0161e B,C,D in E. Najve\u010dkrat zbolevajo otroci, odrasli, oku\u017eijo in zbolijo pa tudi \u017eivali.<\/p>\n

Rotavirus je zelo nalezljiv. Obi\u010dajno v vrtcih zboli v zelo kratkem \u010dasu skorajda cela skupina, doma cela dru\u017eina, v bolni\u0161nicah ‘cel’ oddelek, skratka izredno so pomembni preventivni ukrepi za zajezitev prenosa oku\u017ebe. Oku\u017eba se prena\u0161a s stikom, prek rok, s katerimi smo se dotikali z iztrebki onesna\u017eenih predmetov ali povr\u0161in.<\/p>\n

V redkih primerih se oku\u017eba prenese z vodo in hrano, ki je oku\u017eena s \u010drevesnimi mikroorganizmi, kot na primer na potovanju. Veliko ku\u017enost je pripisati stabilnosti rotavirusa na sobni temperaturi, ker obdr\u017ei \u201cnapadalne\u201d lastnosti, dokler ga ne uni\u010dimo z razku\u017eili. Na kontaminiranih povr\u0161inah so njegovo prisotnost dokazali \u0161e po ve\u010d mesecih.<\/p>\n

Inkubacijska doba (to je obdobje od oku\u017ebe do pojava prvih bolezenskih znakov) je kraj\u0161a od 48 ur, in ni dalj\u0161a od \u0161tirih dni. Izlo\u010danje rotavirusa se pri\u010dne med drugim in \u010detrtim dnem po oku\u017ebi, traja pa najmanj 6 dni (v povpre\u010dju 9 dni), pri nekaterih tudi dlje. Trajanje imunosti ni znano, mo\u017ena je ponovna oku\u017eba. Ve\u010dina otrok se prvi\u010d oku\u017ei pri treh letih starosti.<\/p>\n

\u0160IRJENJE ROTAVIRUSA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kot smo \u017ee omenili je oku\u017eba zelo nalezljiva. Glavni na\u010din prenosa je fekalno-oralni. Problem predstavlja tudi slaba higiena rok. Virus je zelo agresiven in pre\u017eivi ve\u010d dni na trdi – suhi podlagi in nekaj ur na rokah.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

SIMPTOMI IN ZNAKI OKU\u017dBE Z ROTAVIRUSOM<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vro\u010dina<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slabost<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bruhanje<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Driska ve\u010dkrat dnevno<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bole\u010dine v trebuhu<\/p>\n

Simptomi najve\u010dkrat trajajo od tri do devet dni. Velik problem je dehidracija in le-ta je najve\u010dkrat vzrok smrti pri otrocih v manj razvitih dr\u017eavah. Zato je pomembna rehidracija in zdravljenje oku\u017ebe z rotavirusom. Pomembno je, da star\u0161i zgodaj prepoznajo znake dehidracije in se odpravijo k zdravniku!<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Simptomi dehidracije:<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Letargija (globokemu spanju podobno stanje, bolnika prebudijo normalni dra\u017eljaji)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suha – mrzla ko\u017ea<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pomanjkanje solz ob joku<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suha – lepljiva usta in sluznica<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Udrte fontanele in o\u010di<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izjemna \u017eeja<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

ZDRAVLJENJE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Specifi\u010dno zdravljenje ne obstaja. Za predhodno zdrave ljudi rotavirus ne predstavlja velike ogro\u017eenosti, je prehodno bolezensko stanje, ki po nekaj dneh mine. Povzro\u010di le nekaj neprijetnih te\u017eav (slabost, bruhanje, driska, vro\u010dina,slabo po\u010dutje\u2026).<\/p>\n

Pove\u010dati je potrebno vnos teko\u010din (oralno-rehidracijsko), nadome\u0161\u010danje elektrolitov, po\u010ditek, lahka hrana, jogurti, eventuelno prebiotiki, \u010daji, poostrena ustna higiena in temeljito umivanje rok ter po potrebi razku\u017eevanje. \u0160e posebej smo pozorni na izvajanje ukrepov pri otrocih. Glede na statistike je hospitaliziran pribli\u017eno eden od \u0161tiridesetih otrok oku\u017eenih z rotavirusom in potrebuje intravensko nadome\u0161\u010danje teko\u010din.<\/p>\n

Prognoza je dobra. V ve\u010dini primerov je ob zadostnem nadome\u0161\u010danju teko\u010dine zdravljenje uspe\u0161no. Poudarek mora biti na dobri higieni in prepre\u010devanju prenosa oku\u017ebe.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ponovitev higienskega umivanja rok<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

PREVENTIVA<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cepljenje (Leta 2009 je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) priporo\u010dila, da je cepljenje proti rotavirusom treba vklju\u010diti v vse nacionalne programe cepljenja. Incidenca in resnost oku\u017eb z rotavirusi je precej padla v dr\u017eavah, kjer so uvedli redno cepljenje. Cepiva proti rotavirusom imajo dovoljenje v ve\u010d kot 100 dr\u017eavah, vendar pa je le 28 dr\u017eav uvedlo rutinsko cepljenje.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poostreno umivanje in razku\u017eevanje rok\u2026<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u010ci\u0161\u010denje povr\u0161in, kopalnice, prezra\u010devanje, prestiljanje, menjava obla\u010dil\u2026<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Po\u010ditek, krepitev imunskega sistema, izogibanje obolelim<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poostren nadzor nad kuhinjskimi pripomo\u010dki, jedilnim priborom<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Otroku pripravimo hrano, ki jo ima rad, vendar v manj\u0161ih koli\u010dinah ter ve\u010dkrat dnevno. V kolikor otrok hrano zavra\u010da, ker nima teka, se trudimo, da zau\u017eije vsaj dovolj teko\u010dine. S klini\u010dnim izbolj\u0161anjem bolezni se mu bo povrnil tudi apetit.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Higiensko odstranjevanje rabljenih pleni\u010dk in pogosto \u010di\u0161\u010denje povr\u0161in, predmetov in igra\u010d v otrokovi okolici. Ker so rotavirusi odporni proti ve\u010dini vrst mila, \u010distilom in tudi nekaterim razku\u017eilom, je te\u017eko popolnoma prepre\u010diti prenos.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ob zavra\u010danju teko\u010din, hrane in prepoznanih znakih dehidracije ne odla\u0161ajte z obiskom pri zdravniku. Dehidracija je najhuj\u0161i sovra\u017enik in zaplet oku\u017ebe z rotavirusi.<\/p>\n

V smislu diskusije dobrodo\u0161li va\u0161i ukrepi-re\u017eimi ukrepanja v boju proti oku\u017ebi z rotavirusi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Viri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dennehy PH (2000). “Transmission of rotavirus and other enteric pathogens in the home”. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.<\/em> 19<\/strong> (10 Suppl): S103\u20135<\/p>\n

Bernstein DI (March 2009). “Rotavirus overview”. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal<\/em> 28<\/strong> (3 Suppl): S50\u20133.<\/p>\n

Matson DO (2006). “The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq”. Seminars in paediatric infectious diseases<\/em> 17<\/strong> (4): 195\u20139.<\/p>\n

Patel, MM; Parashar UD, eds. (January 2011). “Real World Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination”. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal<\/em> 30<\/strong> (Supplement). Retrieved 8 May 2012.<\/p>\n

Waggie Z, Hawkridge A, Hussey GD (September 2010). “Review of rotavirus studies in Africa: 1976\u20132006”. The Journal of Infectious Diseases<\/em> 202<\/strong> (Suppl): S23\u201333.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcller H, Johne R (2007). “Rotaviruses: diversity and zoonotic potential\u2014a brief review”. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr.<\/em> 120<\/strong> (3\u20134): 108\u201312.<\/p>\n

“Rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)”. MMWR Recomm Rep<\/em> 48<\/strong> (RR\u20132): 1\u201320. 1999.<\/p>\n

“Meeting of the immunization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, April 2009\u2014conclusions and recommendations”. Relev\u00e9 \u00c9pid\u00e9miologique Hebdomadaire \/ Section D’hygi\u00e8ne Du Secr\u00e9tariat De La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Des Nations = Weekly Epidemiological Record \/ Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations<\/em> 84<\/strong> (23): 220\u201336. June 2009.<\/p>\n

In\u0161titut za varovanje zdravja. Rotavirusne oku\u017ebe in cepljenje. Vpra\u0161anja in odgovori. www.ivz.si (Dostop: 24.1.2013).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V Sloveniji so oku\u017ebe z rotavirusi zelo pogoste! Oku\u017eba z rotavirusom – po doma\u010de ”\u010drevesna oku\u017eba”. Virus je prisoten povsod, najbolj pa pride do izraza pozimi. Najbolj ranljivi so otroci. Slabost, bruhanje in driska so najpogostej\u0161i znaki oku\u017ebe z rotavirusom. Rotavirus pa je najpogostej\u0161i vzrok hudega akutnega gastroenteritisa pri otrocih.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,101],"tags":[856,855,854,1316,857,852,858,853],"class_list":["post-1862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-izobrazevanje","category-preventiva","tag-bruhanje","tag-driska","tag-izobrazevanje-virusi","tag-preventiva","tag-razsaja-rota-virus","tag-rota-virus","tag-rota-virusi","tag-rotavirus"],"yoast_head":"\nRotavirus \u2013 oku\u017eba, simptomi, prenosi in preventiva - Nasveti za zdravo \u017eivljenje!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/preventiva\/rotavirus-okuzba-rotavirus-simptomi-prenosi-rota-virusi-zdravljenje-rotavirus-preventiva-rotavirusi.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rotavirus \u2013 oku\u017eba, simptomi, prenosi in preventiva - Nasveti za zdravo \u017eivljenje!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V Sloveniji so oku\u017ebe z rotavirusi zelo pogoste! 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