{"id":1194,"date":"2010-02-01T20:39:57","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T19:39:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/?p=1194"},"modified":"2010-05-16T15:56:53","modified_gmt":"2010-05-16T14:56:53","slug":"uvod-v-raziskovanje-v-zdravstveni-negi-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/uvod-v-raziskovanje-v-zdravstveni-negi-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"Uvod v raziskovanje v zdravstveni negi 2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"raziskovanje-v-zdravstveni-negi\"1.<\/strong> OPI\u0160I HIRARHIJO DOKAZOV V ZN ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nivo 1 \u2013 sistemati\u010dni pregled randomiziranih in nerandomenziranih klini\u010dnih \u0161tudij<\/p>\n

Nivo 2 \u2013 posamezne randomizirane klini\u010dne \u0161tudije<\/p>\n

Nivo 3 \u2013 sistemati\u010dni pregled \u0161tudij s korelacijami\/ opazovanji<\/p>\n

Nivo 4 \u2013 posamezne \u0161tudije s korelacijami\/ opazovanji<\/p>\n

Nivo 5 \u2013 sistemati\u010dni pregled opisanih\/ kvalitativnih \/ psiholo\u0161kih \u0161tudij<\/p>\n

Nivo 6 \u2013 posami\u010dne opisne \/ kvalitativne\/ psiholo\u0161ke \u0161tudije<\/p>\n

Nivo 7 \u2013 mnenja avtorjev, ekspertnih komisij<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> KATEGORIJE<\/strong> ZRD ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Temeljno ( bazi\u010dno )<\/p>\n

. nova znanja o osnovah pojavov in opazovanih dejstev<\/p>\n

. analiziramo lastnosti, strukture in razmerja, da preverimo hipoteze<\/p>\n

. \u010diste in usmerjene temeljne raziskave<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uporabno ( aplikativno )<\/p>\n

. pridobimo novo znanje, usmerjeno v dolo\u010dene prakti\u010dne cilje ali namene<\/p>\n

. uporaba ugotovitev temeljnih raziskav<\/p>\n

. nove metode ali na\u010dine doseganja v naprej opredeljenih ciljev<\/p>\n

. splo\u0161no in specifi\u010dno<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Razvojno ( inovacijsko )<\/p>\n

. izvajajo strokovnjaki v praksi<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> RAZLO\u017dI RAZLIKO MED KVALITATIVNO IN KVANTITATIVNO PARADIGMO ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Primer: bole\u010dina<\/p>\n

Kvantitativna paradigma : bole\u010dino je mogo\u010de spremljati in obvladovati na osnovi merjenja bole\u010dine \u2013 lestvica za merjenje bole\u010dine<\/p>\n

Kvalitativna paradigma : bole\u010dino mogo\u010de spremljati in obvladovati na osnovi opazovanja bolnika in pogovora z bolnikom<\/p>\n

4.<\/strong> KATERE METODE PRI ZBIRANJU PODATKOV UPORABLJAMO . OPI\u0160I STRUKTURIRAN VPRA\u0160ALNIK , OPI\u0160I EKSPERIMENT?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

EKSPERIMENT \u2013 je umetno ustvarjena raziskovalna situacija, ki ob pomo\u010di metodike razlik oziroma enakosti omogo\u010da ugotavljanje kazalnih zvez med pojavi.<\/p>\n

STRUKTURIRAN VPRA\u0160ALNIK \u2013 preprosti za izpolnjevanje, prilo\u017eimo kratko spremno pismo, ki razlaga namen raziskave, vpra\u0161alnik\u00a0 s kratkimi navodili, kako ga izpolniti, menjajte tipe vpra\u0161anj, za\u010dnite z enostavnimi dejanskimi vpra\u0161anji, lo\u010dimo v obliki pisave med navodili in vpra\u0161anji, vpra\u0161alnik vedno preizkusimo na manj\u0161i skupini<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

5.<\/strong> PRIMARNI IN SEKUNDARNI VIRI ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

PRIMARNI VIR \u2013 pisno delo, ki prikazuje izvirni raziskovalni prispevek( raziskovalna poro\u010dila, magistrska dela, diplomska,\u2026), informirati zainteresiranega bralca o avtorjevem raziskovalnem delu<\/p>\n

SEKUNDARNI VIR \u2013 so opisi raziskave, ki jih je pripravil nekdo, ki ni avtor raziskave, primer pregled literature( hiter pregled in aktualno delo, ni nadomestilo za primarne vire, ne dajo podrobnosti posamezne raziskave, redko popolnoma objektivni<\/p>\n

6.<\/strong> RAZLO\u017dITE RAZLIKO V UPORABI HIPOTEZ V KVALITATIVNEM IN KVANTITATIVNEM RAZISKOVANJU ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

KVANTITATIVNA HIPOTEZA: raziskava za\u010dne s hipotezo, ki napoveduje pri\u010dakovane rezultate raziskave, hipoteze nastale na podlagi pregleda literature in dokazov.<\/p>\n

KVALITATIVNA HIPOTEZA: lahko za\u010dne s hipotezo je posledica poznavanja prakse in ne toliko pregleda literature, brez hipoteze raziskavo vodijo izku\u0161nje udele\u017eencev.<\/p>\n

7.<\/strong> KAJ JE ESPERIMENT ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 je v slovenskem jeziku poskus<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 eden od naju\u010dinkovitej\u0161ih pristopov v raziskovanju( omogo\u010da najve\u010djo kontrolo nad spremenljivkami)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 i\u0161\u010demo vzro\u010dne povezave med pojavi<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 najbolj razvito na podro\u010dju naravoslovja, manj v dru\u017eboslovju<\/p>\n

8.<\/strong> ZNA\u0106ILNOSTI KVANTITATIVNEGA IN KVALITATIVNEGA RAZISKOVANJA?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

KVANTITATIVNEGA \u2013 gre za ekonomi\u010dno zbiranje ve\u010djih koli\u010din podatkov<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 raziskovalni cilj je jasen<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mo\u017enost kontrole raziskovalnega procesa je ve\u010dja<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 podatki enostavno primerljivi<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 je neprilagodljiv ko se zbiranje podatkov za\u010dne, nemogo\u010de spremeniti<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0161ibak v razumevanju dru\u017ebenih procesov<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 velikokrat ne odkrije pomenov<\/p>\n

KVALITATIVNEGA \u2013 raziskovalni dizajn se razvija med potekom raziskave<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 raziskovalec ustvarja dizajn glede, kaj se je v teku raziskave nau\u010dil<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vklju\u010deno ve\u010d razli\u010dnih strategij zbiranja podatkov<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 celovitost pristopa in razumevanje celote<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 raziskovalec je intenzivno vklju\u010den v potek raziskave<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 razvoj razumevanja pou\u010devanega pojava v realnem svetu<\/p>\n

9 . <\/strong>RAZLIKE KVANTITATIVNEGA IN KVALITATIVNEGA RAZISKOVANJA?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>Kvalitativna in kvantitativna raziskava se razlikujeta po svojem poteku, vendar se ne izklju\u010dujeta ampak dopolnjujeta.<\/p>\n

Pri kvantitativnem raziskovanju ugotovitve bazirajo na realnostiin ne na osebnem prepri\u010danju raziskovalca. Pri kvalitativnem raziskovanjuugotovitve temeljijo na osnovi dejanskih izku\u0161enj vklju\u010denih ljudi.<\/p>\n

10.<\/strong> RANDOMIZACIJA ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 slu\u010dajni izbor\u00a0 dveh skupin iz iste osnovne populacije<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vsak udele\u017eenec ima enake mo\u017enosti<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 parni izbor<\/p>\n

11.<\/strong> KAJ JE NEEKSPERIMENTALNO KVANTITATIVNO RAZISKOVANJE, KAKO ZBIRAMO PODATKE ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

NEEKSPERIMENTALNO RAZISKOVANJE-\u00a0 ve\u010dina raziskav je te vrste ker se mnoge od karakteristik \u010dloveka ne morejo obravnavati eksperimentalno, ne moremo tehni\u010dno primerjati zaradi eti\u010dnih vidikov<\/p>\n

ZBIRANJE PODATKOV- intervju<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vpra\u0161alnik<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 testiranje \/ merjenje<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 opazovanje<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 arhiv, baze podatkov<\/p>\n

12.<\/strong> KATERE LESTVICE LAHKO UPORABIMO ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nominalna lestvica, ordinalna lestvica, intervalne lestvice, ocenjevalna lestvica, lestvica stali\u0161\u010d.<\/p>\n

13.<\/strong> KAJ JE EMPIRI\u010cNO GRADIVO ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

-snemamo intervju, nato zapi\u0161emo ali natipkamo<\/p>\n

– kako se na intervju pripravimo<\/p>\n

– odnos zaupanja<\/p>\n

– kdo bo na\u0161 raziskovalec<\/p>\n

– metode in tehnike<\/p>\n

14.<\/strong> PRIMARNI IN SEKUNDARNI DOKUMENTI ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

PRIMARNI- primarni raziskovalni \u010dlanek<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 diplomska, magistrska, doktorska naloga<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 poro\u010dilo o raziskavi<\/p>\n

SEKUNDARNI \u2013 meta analiza, meta sinteza<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 priporo\u010dila za delo , klini\u010dne smernice<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pregledni \u010dlanek<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

15.<\/strong> KAJ JE META ANALIZA ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 po strukturi podobna primarnemu dokumentu<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 gre za analizo podatkov iz \u017ee objavljenih \u010dlankov<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 zelo natan\u010den protokol<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rezultat , \u010de je dolo\u010den ukrep koristen<\/p>\n

16.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TEMELJNE ZNA\u010cILNOSTI RAZISKOVANJA’<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VELJAVNOST-\u00a0 ali raziskujemo tisto kar \u017eelimo raziskovati, ali problem odra\u017ea kar \u017eelimo raziskovati<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ZANESLJIVOST- ali je problem stabilen, ali bomo ob ponovitvi raziskave dobili enake ugotovitve<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OBJEKTIVNOST- ali bodo podatki raziskave objektivni, ali bodo obdr\u017eali stanje brez mote\u010dih vplivov, na rezultate vpliva tisti, ki odgovarja<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OB\u010cUTLJIVOST- ali je problem dovolj ob\u010dutljiv, da bo zaznal zna\u010dilnosti, ki jih \u017eelimo raziskati<\/p>\n

17.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VRSTE STATISTIKE GLEDE NA UPORABO ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 uporabna statistika(prakti\u010dna uporaba na problemih in primerih)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 matemati\u010dna statistika ( pou\u010devanje osnovnih principov statistike)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. OPI\u0160I HIRARHIJO DOKAZOV V ZN ? Nivo 1 \u2013 sistemati\u010dni pregled randomiziranih in nerandomenziranih klini\u010dnih \u0161tudij Nivo 2 \u2013 posamezne randomizirane klini\u010dne \u0161tudije Nivo 3 \u2013 sistemati\u010dni pregled \u0161tudij s korelacijami\/ opazovanji Nivo 4 \u2013 posamezne \u0161tudije s korelacijami\/ opazovanji Nivo 5 \u2013 sistemati\u010dni pregled opisanih\/ kvalitativnih \/ psiholo\u0161kih \u0161tudij Nivo 6 \u2013 posami\u010dne … Preberi ve\u010d o Uvod v raziskovanje v zdravstveni negi 2010<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":336,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[365],"tags":[373,367,399,80,534],"class_list":["post-1194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1-letnik-uvod-v-raziskovanje-v-zdravstveni-negi","tag-1letnik-uvod-v-raziskovanje-v-zdravstveni-negi","tag-raziskovanje-v-zdravstveni-negi","tag-raziskovanje-v-zn","tag-zdravstvena-nega","tag-zn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/336"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}