{"id":2489,"date":"2014-01-03T11:42:51","date_gmt":"2014-01-03T10:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/?p=2489"},"modified":"2015-01-13T15:32:15","modified_gmt":"2015-01-13T14:32:15","slug":"zdravstvena-nega-otroka-vaja-za-izpit-2-del-2014-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/zdravstvena-nega-otroka-vaja-za-izpit-2-del-2014-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Zdravstvena nega otroka vaja za izpit 2.del 2014"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol>\n<li>Refleks izcejanja mleka (opis, dejavniki vpliva).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ve\u010dje koli\u010dine mleka nastajajo 30 \u2013 40 ur po porodu,<\/p>\n<p>Hormona prolaktin in oxytocin \u2013 ohranjanje visokega nivoja<\/p>\n<p>Prolaktin vzpodbudi nastajanje mleka in njegov dotok v alveole mle\u010dnih \u017elez. Sesanje izzive pove\u010dano sintezo in izlo\u010danje oxytocina in ta povzro\u010da kontrakcije v alveolah in tako iztiska mleko v mle\u010dne kanale in sinuse do odprtin na bradavicah<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tvorba mleka: zaviralci in vzpodbujevalci.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b>zaviralci:zaskrbljenost,strah,iz\u010drpanost,mraz,bole\u010dina.alkohol,kajenje<\/p>\n<p>vzpodbujevalci:sesanje,toplina,masa\u017ea dojk,psihi\u010dna stabilnost<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<!--more--><\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Polo\u017eaj otroka ob dojenju.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o Otrok naj bo blizu, obrnjen proti dojkam.<\/li>\n<li>o Bradavica, areola in prsno tkivo tvorijo sesek v otrokovih ustih.<\/li>\n<li>o Otrok sesa v ciklusih.<\/li>\n<li>o Otrokov jezik objame sesek.<\/li>\n<li>o Otrok po\u017eira, ko je zadnji del ust poln mleka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ko je polo\u017eaj v redu mati prisloni usta na bradavico, ki jo usmeri proti zgornji ustnici in otroka rahlo pritisne ob dojko. Dojen\u010dkova brada in nosek se dotikata dojke, vendar nosek\u00a0 mora biti prost.<\/p>\n<p>Otrok sesa ritmi\u010dno in mo\u010dno, 1-krat na sekundo.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Znaki, da je otrok dobro pristavljen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o Otrokova usta so \u0161iroko odprta<\/li>\n<li>o Otrokova brada se dotika dojke<\/li>\n<li>o Otrokova ustnica je obrnjena navzven<\/li>\n<li>o Otrok sesa, po\u010diva, sesa<\/li>\n<li>o Po\u017eirki so globoki, po\u010dasni<\/li>\n<li>o Mati lahko sli\u0161i kako otrok po\u017eira<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Znaki, da otrok ni pravilno pristavljen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o Po dojenju je bradavica splo\u0161\u010dena in minimalna<\/li>\n<li>o Mati \u010duti med in po dojenju v bradavici bole\u010dine<\/li>\n<li>o Dojke so lahko nabrekle<\/li>\n<li>o Odstranitev mleka iz dojke je nezadostna<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Znaki, da otrok dobiva dovolj mleka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Primerno \u0161tevilo podojev<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Najmanj 8x\/dan.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ritem sesanja<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ritem se med dojenjem po\u010dasi upo\u010dasnjuje.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Izgled otroka<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Je umirjen, ima primeren mi\u0161i\u010dni tonus, zdravo ko\u017eo, urinira vsaj 6x\/dan in na blato gre najmanj 3x\/dan.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Razpolo\u017eenje otroka<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zadovoljen, umirjen.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pridobiva na te\u017ei<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>18-30g\/dan prvih 6 mesecev.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Polnost dojk<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Po dojenju so mehkej\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Znaki, da otrok ne dobiva dovolj mleka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Po\u010dasno pridobivanje na te\u017ei<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ne podvoji porodne te\u017ee v 3 tednih.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u010d spanja<\/li>\n<li>Malodu\u0161nost, slaboten jok, cvile\u010d<\/li>\n<li>Oligurija<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Manj urina, koncentriran urin.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Redko ali sploh ne odvaja blata<\/li>\n<li>Neprekinjeno dojenje<\/li>\n<li>Trpe\u010d izraz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Na\u010dini vzpodbujanja tvorbe materinega mleka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o U\u010dinkovito sesanje otroka<\/li>\n<li>o Dojenje na obe dojki<\/li>\n<li>o Pogosto, podalj\u0161ano dojenje<\/li>\n<li>o Ne uporabljamo dud<\/li>\n<li>o Tehtanje otroka<\/li>\n<li>o Urejena prehrana matere<\/li>\n<li>o Po\u010ditek<\/li>\n<li>o Sredstva za pove\u010danje tvorbe mleka<\/li>\n<li>o Izbrizgavanje mleka med podoji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Posebnosti dojenja nedono\u0161e\u010dka, bolnega otroka, otroka z zaj\u010djo ustnico, nevrolo\u0161ko bolnega otroka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nedono\u0161en\u010dek<b>: <\/b>Dokler se ga ne doji ga hranimo po sondi, brizgalki ali skodelici, Izbrizgavanje mleka pri materi v 6 urah po porodu, Izbrizgavanje 8x\/dan<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Zaj\u010dja ustnica\/vol\u010dje \u017erelo<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nos in grlo naj bo vi\u0161je kot dojka, s prstom zapremo razpoko na ustnici in pomagamo otroku. Uporablja se posebne vlo\u017eke za dojenje. Traja dolgo \u010dasa, mama si mora izbrizgavati mleko in ga dodajati otroku.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Nevrolo\u0161ko okvarjeni otroci<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Potrebno je podpirati glavico, dojko in otrokovo brado. Objamemo otro\u0161ko brado med palec in kazalec, ostale prste pa dr\u017eimo pod dojko \u2013 plesal\u010deva roka. Med dojenjem ga prebujamo, potrebno je izbrizgavanje.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bolan otrok<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dojenje naj bo pogosto, po \u017eelji otroka. \u010ce ne more jesti je potrebno izbrizgavati mleko.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bolna mati in dojenje: kdaj je prepovedano, kdaj dovoljeno.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preiskave:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00fc\u00a0 RTG, CT, UZ, biopsija,\u00a0 \u2013 lahko doji<\/p>\n<p>\u00fc\u00a0 MR \u2013 si mora iztisniti mleko<\/p>\n<p>\u00fc\u00a0 radioaktivni izotopi \u2013 za\u010dasno prekine dojenje<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obsevanje in kemoterapija \u2013 prekinitev dojenja<\/li>\n<li>Anestezija \u2013 ko se mati zbudi lahko doji<\/li>\n<li>Kroni\u010dne bolezni<\/li>\n<li>MS \u2013 potrebuje pomo\u010d<\/li>\n<li>Diabetes \u2013 lahko doji, vendar so pogostej\u0161e infekcije, poraba kalorij je ve\u010dja, se pravi, da potrebuje ve\u010d inzulina.<\/li>\n<li>Bolezni \u0161\u010ditnice \u2013 \u010de gre za radioaktivno terapijo, prekinemo dojenje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Znaki pripravljenosti otroka na sprejemanje goste hrane.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u017eve\u010denje vsega, kar je v dosegu rok,<\/li>\n<li>segajo po hrani in jo posku\u0161ajo sami jesti,<\/li>\n<li>jok ob pogledu na hrano,<\/li>\n<li>sedijo sami ali ob podpori,<\/li>\n<li>dobivajo zobke,<\/li>\n<li>izgubijo refleks izplazenja jezi\u010dka,<\/li>\n<li>lakota tudi po obilnem obroku mleka,<\/li>\n<li>manj mirne no\u010di<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Na\u010din uspe\u0161nega uvajanja goste hrane pri dojen\u010dku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Popolnoma se posvetimo dojen\u010dku,<\/li>\n<li>Uvedemo reden obrok,<\/li>\n<li>Za\u010dnemo z dodajanjem ob dojenju,<\/li>\n<li>Nismo pod pritiskom glede koli\u010dine zau\u017eite hrane,<\/li>\n<li>Vsak dan ponudimo nekaj ve\u010d,<\/li>\n<li>Nove jedi uvajamo postopoma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i>Najbolje se obnese, da prve \u017eli\u010dke me\u0161ane hrane ponudimo med obi\u010dajnim obrokom. Dojen\u010dka najprej podojimo in nato mu ponudimo \u017eli\u010dko me\u0161ane prehrane, nato pa zopet mleko. Najprimernej\u0161i obrok za uvajanje nove hrane je opoldanski obrok. Pri\u010dnemo z pol \u017eli\u010dke, nato pa vsak dan ve\u010d. Vsak teden uvajamo novo \u017eivilo, tako, da vidimo \u010de mu katero \u017eivilo ne ustreza. \u017dli\u010dko naslonimo na spodnjo ustnico, tako, da otrok posrka kar je na njej. <\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Uvajanje novih \u017eivil: kdaj, kaj.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sadni sok<\/li>\n<li>(Jabol\u010dni, grozdni, koren\u010dkov,\u2026Postopoma ve\u010damo koli\u010dino in gostoto, tako da po\u010dasi postaja ka\u0161ica.)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Sadna ka\u0161a,<\/li>\n<li>Zelenjavna juha,<\/li>\n<li>\u017ditne ka\u0161e z mlekom,<\/li>\n<li>Meso,<\/li>\n<li>Riba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Omejitve pri uvajanju hrane pri dojen\u010dku (\u010desa ne ponujamo).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Do 6. meseca:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0161enice, r\u017ei, ovsa, je\u010dmena in jedi iz njih<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i>Kruha ne dajemo zaradi glutena.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Do 1. leta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kravje mleko, beljak, med, citruse (limone, pomaran\u010de, mandarine,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>grenivke), jagodi\u010dje (jagode, maline, robidnice, borovnice), mastno<\/p>\n<p>in ocvrto hrano;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hrano in pija\u010do, sladkano s sladkorjem ali z umetnimi sladili<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(pudingi, torte, pi\u0161koti, gazirane pija\u010de, dietni sokovi),<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0med,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0preslano hrano (konzervirana hrana, instant juhe, krekerji, \u010dips).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do treh let:<\/p>\n<p>le\u0161nike, ara\u0161ide, cele grozdne jagode, pokovko&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po 4. mesecu uvajamo tudi zelenjavo, du\u0161eno, kuhano, bio-predelano. Takrat lahko damo tudi ri\u017e in koruzo. Meso in ribe ponudimo po 6. mesecu. Zbiramo meso mladih \u017eivali. Po 6. mesecu lahko damo kuhan rumenjak \u2013 samo no\u017eevo konico in postopoma ve\u010damo. Beljaka ne dajemo do 1. leta. Sol omejimo, ne dosolimo. Ma\u0161\u010dob ne omejujemo do 2. leta.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Posebnosti prehranjevanja pred\u0161olskih otrok.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oblikovanje prehranjevalnih navad,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Otrokom se \u0161ele oblikujejo prehranjevalne navade.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Izbir\u010dnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Spo\u0161tujemo okus, pomemben je pristop.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pestri, zanimivi jedilniki<\/li>\n<li>Mleko, mle\u010dni izdelki<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do 5. leta se odsvetuje mleko z 0,5% mm. Do 2. leta dajemo mleko s 3,5% mm. Do 6. leta pa postopoma pridemo na 1,6% mm.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pija\u010de<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nesladkan \u010daj, voda \u2013 ustekleni\u010dena, juh dajemo malo, ker so hitro siti.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nevarnost aspiracije<\/li>\n<li>soja<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Soji se izogibamo, ker napenja.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Priporo\u010dila v prehrani pred\u0161olskih otrok.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o Mleko, mle\u010dni izdelki vsak dan,<\/li>\n<li>o Meso, perutnina, jajca, stro\u010dnice,\u20267 krat na<\/li>\n<li>o teden, meso do 5 krat,<\/li>\n<li>o Ribe 1-2 krat na teden<\/li>\n<li>o Kruh, \u017eita, ri\u017e, krompir,\u2026 vsak dan,<\/li>\n<li>o Sadje 2 krat na dan,<\/li>\n<li>o Zelenjava 2 \u2013 3 krat na dan,<\/li>\n<li>o Pitna voda ali priporo\u010dene zamenjave<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Priporo\u010dila glede u\u017eivanja odsvetovanih \u017eivil v prehrani otrok.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u00a0<\/b>Pekovski izdelki, sla\u0161\u010dice, deserti (imajo veliko ma\u0161\u010dob in sladkorja)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Soft drinks, (vsebujejo umetna barvila, arome, sladkor,\u2026)<\/li>\n<li>Mesni, majonezni, kremni namazi (preve\u010d ma\u0161\u010dob, ponudimo dietne margarine, kislo smetano)<\/li>\n<li>margarine,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u017divila z velikim dele\u017eem ma\u0161\u010dob<\/li>\n<li>Mesni izdelki<\/li>\n<li>Instant in koncentrirani izdelki<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>kava \u2013 NE!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ukrepi pri debelosti otroka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Otrok starej\u0161i od 2 let<\/li>\n<li>Vzdr\u017eujemo telesno maso, svetujemo spremembe v prehrani in telesni aktivnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Otrok s sekundarnimi zapleti debelosti<\/li>\n<li>Dieta, telesna dejavnost \u2013 30 min\/dan. Odsvetovane so hitre diete in treningi za hitro izgubo telesne te\u017ee.<\/li>\n<li>Starej\u0161i od 7 let in nima sekundarnih zapletov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Najpogostej\u0161i alergeni v otro\u0161tvu, diagnostika in ukrepi za zmanj\u0161evanje te\u017eav.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tveganje\n<ul>\n<li>Prizadene 2-3% otrokov.<\/li>\n<li>Najpogosteje pojav med 6. in 24. mesecem, med 5. in 6. letom,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Najpogostej\u0161i alergeni v otro\u0161kem obdobju:\n<ul>\n<li>kravje mleko<\/li>\n<li>jajca<\/li>\n<li>soja<\/li>\n<li>ara\u0161idi<\/li>\n<li>ore\u0161\u010dki<\/li>\n<li>ribe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Proces uravnavanja telesne temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Center za uravnavanje telesne temperature je v hipotalamusu. Toplota v telesu nastaja in se tudi neprestano oddaja.<\/p>\n<p>Mehanizmi, ki zmanj\u0161ujejo TT: raz\u0161iritev krvnih \u017eil, mo\u010dno znojenje (posledica je izhlapevanje in zavrto nastajanje toplote)<\/p>\n<p>Mehanizmi, ki pove\u010dujejo TT: zo\u017eenje \u017eil, drhtenje, vzdra\u017eenje simpati\u010dnega \u017eiv\u010devja, izlo\u010danje tiroksina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>69. Na\u010dini oddajanja toplote telesa?!<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>-KONVEKCIJA: Prena\u0161anje toplote je odvisno od vla\u017eenja, temperature in me\u0161anja okoljskega zraka. Otrok lahko izgubi toploto, \u010de je hladno in je prepih\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -RADIACIJA: sevanje toplote je odvisno od temperature okoljskih predmetov.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -EVAPARACO: izhlapevanje toplote s povr\u0161in sluznic in ko\u017ee\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -KONDUKCIJA:\u00a0 prevodnost, oddajanje in sprejemanje toplote ob dotikanju.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>70. Dejavniki, ki vplivajo na vi\u0161ino telesne temperature?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; dnevni bioritem ( zjutraj ni\u017eja, zve\u010der vi\u0161ja)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-starost\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -okolje\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-okolje\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -spol \u017eenske imajo vi\u0161jo temperaturo 0,3-0.6 stopinje in bom menstruaciji in ovulaciji.)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>71. Stopnje povi\u0161ane telesne temperature.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-subfebrilna 37.1 \u2013 37.7<\/p>\n<p>-rahlo zvi\u0161ana 37.8 \u2013 38.5<\/p>\n<p>-zmerno zvi\u0161ana 38.6 \u2013 39.0<\/p>\n<p>-visoka 39.1 \u2013 40.9<\/p>\n<p>-smrtno nevarna 41 \u2013 43<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>72. Kaj se v telesu dogaja pri povi\u0161ani telesni temperaturi (spremljajo\u010di znaki in siptomi)?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tahipnea in tahikardija<\/p>\n<p>-glavobolj, utrujenost, slabost,nespe\u010dnost<\/p>\n<p>-izguba apetita, \u017eeja, obstipacija<\/p>\n<p>-pordela topla ko\u017ea in huj\u0161anje<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>73. Na\u010drt ZN otroka s povi\u0161ano telesno temperaturo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Temperatura zraka 20 C,meri TT na 4 ure ,ob povi\u0161anju na eno uro ali pogosteje( na 10-15 minut pri vro\u010dinskih kr\u010dih); apliciraj antipiretike v skladu z naro\u010dili zdravnika oz. ob vro\u010dini nad 38,4 C;ob vro\u010dini nad 39 C po aplikaciji antipiretika ukrepaj \u0161e s fizikalnim zni\u017eevanjem povi\u0161ane TT,spremljaj vitalne znake vsakih 15 minut 1 uro; spremljaj vnos teko\u010dine,apliciraj iv.teko\u010dine po naro\u010dilu zdravnika; obvesti zdravnika ob motnjah zavesti otroka ali ob povi\u0161ani temp.ki vztraja kljub ukrepom; dokumentiraj:merjene vrednosti,intervencije,otrokovo odzivanje; vrednosti dose\u017eeno s postavljenimi cilji, zdr.vzgoja star\u0161ev<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>74. Na\u010dini fizikalnega zni\u017eevanja telesne temperature, natan\u010den opis izvedbe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-vla\u017eenje ko\u017ee z mla\u010dno vodo:<\/span>v banjico nato\u010dimo vodo 2-3 cm,temp.vode od 28-37 C,umijemo in razku\u017eimo roke in zmerimo vodo. Sle\u010demo otroka v celoti, AG nega po potrebi,otroka z varnostnim prijemom sede ali le\u017ee dr\u017eimo in ga oblivamo tako da telo vzdr\u017euje stalno mokro(najprej noge,prsni ko\u0161,trebuh in hrbet). Ves \u010das otroka opazujemo in merimo pulz,vsakih 15 minut merimo temp.rektalno(otrokom do 2 leta) ostalim aksilarno in postopek ponavljamo dokler ni temp.38 C otroka.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-hladni ovitki celega telesa: <\/span>v vodi ki ma temp. od 28-37 C namo\u010dimo plenico in jo odtisnemo in potem zavijemo otroka ki smo ga slekli od vrata do pet zavijemo z mokro plenico in potem \u0161e z suho ga zavijemo. Ovitek menjavamo ko je suha rjuha topla-delamo pogosto. Opazujemo otroka,merimo pulz in temp na 15 minut,hladimo dokler ne pride temp. na 38 C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-hladilna kopel<\/span>:temp.vode naj bo za 1 C ni\u017eja od otrokove telesne temp. Otroka sle\u010demo in ga damo v banjico z varnostnim prijemom in polivamo nogo pri vodi tako da se voda v 10 minutah zni\u017ea za 10 C..<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>75.Farmakoterapija vro\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-aspirin je prepovedan do 12 leta ker lahko pride do Rejevga sindroma<\/p>\n<p>-paracetamol (Panadol,Lekadol)\u00e0 daje na 6 ur, deluje po 50 minutah<\/p>\n<p>-Metanizol (analgin,Nevalgeton)=analgin, daje i.v<\/p>\n<p>-Diklofenak (Voltaren)- sve\u010dke, deluje po 10 minutah<\/p>\n<p>Antipiretike damo, kadar je vro\u010dina nad 38.4 stopinje. Dozira se jih gled na kg otroka. Za\u010detne doze so 0d 10-15mg\/kgTT, naslednje doze od 7-12mg\/kgTT. Dnevno ne smemo prese\u010di 60mg\/kg TT.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>76. Vro\u010dinski kr\u010di: opredelitev pojma, pojavnost, znaki, prepre\u010devanje-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vro\u010dinski kr\u010di so napad kr\u010dev med nekim obolenjem z visoko temperaturo, pri katerem pa primarno ni prizadeto osrednje \u017eiv\u010devje. Zna\u010dilni so za otro\u0161ko obdobje, ponavadi nenevarni. Najpogosteje se pojavijo pri otrocih v starosti od 6 mesecov do 3 let (max 5let). So enkratni dogodek, pojavijo se v prvih 6-12 urah povi\u0161ane temperature. Do\u017eivi jih pribli\u017eno 3,5% otrok do 5 lega starosti.<\/p>\n<p>Znaki: generalizirane krize kloni\u010dnega tipa,toni\u010dno-kloni\u010dni,toni\u010dni,atoni\u010dni napadi<\/p>\n<p>Prepre\u010devanje?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prepre\u010dujemo jih tako da \u010de se temp.povi\u0161a nad 38 C pri\u010dnemo ohlajati otroka(vro\u010dinski kr\u010di se pred 4 letom lahko ob povi\u0161ani TT ponovijo) zato ukrepamo tako da naj bo otrok \u010dim manj oble\u010den ali pokrit,mla\u010dna kopel,hladni napitki,antipiretik(panadon\u2026)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>77. Ukrepanje ob napadu vro\u010dinskih kr\u010dev, prepre\u010devanje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Otroka postavimo na varno in na bok. Otroka hladimo ter mu apliciramo antikonvulzivno terapijo po naro\u010dilu (stesolit)<\/p>\n<p>Prepre\u010devanje:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0-po\u010ditek\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-lahko straching prizadetih mi\u0161ic\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-pitje elektrolitne me\u0161anice<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>78. Fiziolo\u0161ke potrebe po teko\u010dini: izra\u010dun za otroke razli\u010dnih starosti in te\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-\u010de je povi\u0161ana telesna temperatura (nad 37) se za vsako povi\u0161na stopinjo potrebuje 12% ve\u010d teko\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p>-temperatura okolja: nad 30 stopinj v okolju pove\u010damo vnos za 30ml\/kg tt.<\/p>\n<p>-diareja. Merimo izgubo teko\u010dine. Pri blagi diareji se izgubi 10-25ml\/kg, pri zmerni od 25-50ml\/kg, pri hudi pa do 75ml\/kg<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"341\">DOBA&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"232\">VODA ML\/KG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"341\">novorojen\u010dek&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"232\">60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"341\">Dojen\u010dek (4 \u2013 10 kg)&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"232\">100 &#8211; 150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"341\">Pred\u0161olski otrok (10 \u2013 20 kg)&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"232\">1000 + 50 ml x (kg -10kg)&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"341\">\u0160olski otrok (20 \u2013 50 kg)&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"232\">1500 + 20 ml x (kg \u2013 20 kg)&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"341\">Adolescent (preko 50 kg)&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"232\">2100 do 3000 ml&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>79. Bilanca teko\u010din (opredelitev, pozitivna, negativna).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bilanca teko\u010din pomeni stanje hidracije ali dehidracije organizma in predstavlja razliko med prejeto in izlo\u010deno teko\u010dino. Pri izra\u010dunu celotne bilance teko\u010din se upo\u0161teva:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Prejeta teko\u010dina: bolnik jo je sprejel per os ali intravensko\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Izlo\u010dena teko\u010dina: diureza, sputum, bruhanje, diareja, izguba s potenjem<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>80. Znaki dehidracije.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-Blaga: podo\u010dnjaki, suh jezik in \u017eeja, 30-50ml\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Zmerna:\u00a0 halonirane o\u010di, o\u0161iljen nos, suha usta in jezik, oligurija, oslabljen turgor, 60-100ml\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Huda: znaki zmerne dehidracije,+ bledica, hladen pot, tahikardija, sopor, 100-150ml<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>81. Vzroki za patolo\u0161ke izgube teko\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Povi\u0161ana telesna temperatura, Temperatura okolja<i> (\u010de je temperatura okolja ve\u010d kot 30\u00b0C, pove\u010damo 30 ml\/kg), <\/i>Hiperventilacija, Cisti\u010dna fibroza, Diareja<i> (ocenimo izgubo; pri blagi diareji re\u010demo, da se izgubi 10-25 ml\/kg, zmerna diareja 25-50 ml\/kg, huda do 75 ml\/kg teko\u010dine), B<\/i>ruhanje<i> (smo pozorni kaj bruha).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>82. Patolo\u0161ke potrebe po teko\u010dini: iza\u010dun za otroke razli\u010dnih starosti, te\u017ee in obolenj.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>83. ZN otroka, ki je dehidriran.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-temperatura zraka 20 stopinj<\/p>\n<p>-meri telesno temperaturo na 4 ure, ob povi\u0161anju na 1 uro ali oigosteje<\/p>\n<p>-apliciraj antipiretike v skladu z naro\u010dili zdravnika oz ob vro\u010dini nad 38.2.<\/p>\n<p>-ob vro\u010dini nad 39 po aplikaciji antipiretika ukrepaj \u0161e z fizikalnim zni\u017eevanjem<\/p>\n<p>-ob povi\u0161anju nad 39 spremljaj vitalne funkcije na 15 minut<\/p>\n<p>-spremljaj vnos teko\u010dine, apliciraj iv terapijo po naro\u010dilu zdravnika<\/p>\n<p>-obvesti zdravnika ob motnjah zavesti otroka, ali ob visoki temperaturi, ki kljub vztraja<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>84. Vrste diareje in ZN.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-blaga: otrok izlo\u010da 5-6x\/dan, ni znakov dehidracije ali acidoze, otrok lahko bruha, lahko ima povi\u0161ano telesno temperaturo.<\/p>\n<p>-Zmerna: odvaja vodeno blato, je blago dehidriran in nima znakov acidoze<\/p>\n<p>-Huda: odvaja vodeno blato 10x\/dab ali ve\u010d, dehidriran, iz\u010drpan, acidoza, motena zavest<\/p>\n<p>ZN: -spremljanje pogostosti in zna\u010dilnosti stolice<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilanca teko\u010din, preverjanje turgorja,sluznice, fontanele<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tehtanje<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terapija<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ponujati pija\u010do ( nelit,isostar, \u010daji..)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neprekinjeno dojenje<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NE ponujamo sokov, umetnih pija\u010d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BRAT dieta (banane,ri\u017e, jabolka,toast)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kontrola ko\u017ee<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Merjenje temperature<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pou\u010devanje star\u0161ev<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[wp_ad_camp_1]<\/p>\n<p>85. Negovalna anamneza pri otroku z diarejo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-motnje prebave, operacije, uvajanje nove hrane<\/p>\n<p>-Gi status, nausea, bruhanje, zna\u010dilne stolice,bole\u010dina, izgled trebuha, palpacija<\/p>\n<p>-nedavna antibioti\u010dna terapija<\/p>\n<p>-prehranjenost, turgor, izgled sluznice<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>86. ZN otroka z diarejo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-spremljanje pogostosti in zna\u010dilnosti stolice<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilanca teko\u010din, preverjanje turgorja,sluznice, fontanele<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tehtanje (vsako jutro pred hranjenjem)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terapija<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ponujati pija\u010do ( nelit,isostar, \u010daji..) na vsakih 20 minut<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neprekinjeno dojenje<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NE ponujamo sokov, umetnih pija\u010d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BRAT dieta (banane,ri\u017e, jabolka,toast)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kontrola ko\u017ee po vsaki stolici, pogosto previjaj, ko\u017eo \u010disti ne\u017eno in za\u0161\u010diti z mazili<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Merjenje temperature 2-4 ure aksilarno<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pou\u010devanje star\u0161ev (prehrana: sve\u017ei sok koren\u010dek,zelena,peter\u0161il,\u0161pina\u010da)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>87. ZN otroka ki bruha.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-spremljanje bilance<\/p>\n<p>-Kontrola TT<\/p>\n<p>-Preverjanje stanja sluznice, turgorja, temperature,fontanele<\/p>\n<p>-meritve vitalnih funkcij na vsake 4 ure ali pogosteje<\/p>\n<p>-Spremljati laboratorijske izvide<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; opazujemo na\u010din bruhanja<\/p>\n<p>-oprazuj otrokovo razpolo\u017eenje<\/p>\n<p>-razpolo\u017eenje<\/p>\n<p>-izplakujemo usta otroku<\/p>\n<p>-nudimo oporo<\/p>\n<p>-Ga zamotimo z igro in umirjeno glasbo<\/p>\n<p>-dobro prezra\u010dena sobo, otrok naj po\u010diva le\u017ee<\/p>\n<p>-ko se bruhanje umiri mu ponudimo 5-15ml teko\u010dine<\/p>\n<p>-nudimo pogoste a majhne obroke (10-12)<\/p>\n<p>-opazuj pretok infuzijske teko\u010dine<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>88. ZN otroka z obstipacijo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-bele\u017eimo frekvenco in zna\u010dilni stolic<\/p>\n<p>-spodbujamo otroka k pitju<\/p>\n<p>-bilanva grane in teko\u010dine<\/p>\n<p>-vsakodnevno izlo\u010danje ob isti uri<\/p>\n<p>-klistir po naro\u010dilu<\/p>\n<p>-masa\u017ea trebuha v smeri urinega kazalca<\/p>\n<p>-izobra\u017eevati star\u0161e in otroka o hrani bogati z vlakninami ( zrele banane, hru\u0161ke, fige slive, otroki, kosmi\u010di, Donat..)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>89. Znaki in simptomi pri otroku z obolenji dihal.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-Vro\u010dina: ni vedno prisotna, je prvi znak infekcije<\/p>\n<p>-Meningismus: so znaki meningitisa, ki jih ne povzro\u010da vnetje mo\u017eganskih open<\/p>\n<p>-Neje\u0161\u010dnost<\/p>\n<p>-Bruhanje: lahko je posledica sekreta iz nosu<\/p>\n<p>-Diareja: blaga, lahko vodi v dehidracijo<\/p>\n<p>-Bole\u010dine v trebuhu: napenjanje, zate\u010denost trebu\u0161nih bezgavk<\/p>\n<p>-Zama\u0161enj nos<\/p>\n<p>-Ka\u0161elj: lahko traja veliko \u010dasa<\/p>\n<p>-Te\u017eko dihanje<\/p>\n<p>-Bole\u010dine v grlu<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>90. Kako opazujemo in merimo dihanje?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-Frekvenca dihanja: tahipnea in bradipnea<\/p>\n<p>-Globino: amplituda dihanja, koliko se prsni ko\u0161 ugrezne<\/p>\n<p>-Napor: dispnea, \u017eelvino dihanje (otrok vla\u010di glavo med ramena,kima z glavico v ritmu dihanja, nosnice plapolajo), hlastanje za zrakom<\/p>\n<p>-Ritem dihanja<\/p>\n<p>-Temperaturo: ugotavljamo ali je pri\u0161lo do infekcije, opazujemo tudi bezgavke, izcedke iz nosu in u\u0161es<\/p>\n<p>-Ka\u0161elj: kdaj se pojavlja, kak\u0161en je.<\/p>\n<p>-Hropci: kdaj se pojavljajo \u2013 vzdih\/izdih, piskajo\u010di<\/p>\n<p>-Bole\u010dine: v prsih kje, naj nam opi\u0161e<\/p>\n<p>-S\u0161utum: barva, konsistenca, volumen, viskoznost<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>91. Znaki dispnee pri dojen\u010dku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-uvla\u010denje rebernih prostorov, lokov in celega prsnega ko\u0161a<\/p>\n<p>-plapolanje nosnic<\/p>\n<p>-stokanje v ritmu dihanja<\/p>\n<p>-tahikardija<\/p>\n<p>-strah<\/p>\n<p>-utrujenost<\/p>\n<p>-nemir<\/p>\n<p>-razdra\u017eljivost<\/p>\n<p>-acidoza<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>92. Na\u010drt ZN pri otroku z dispneo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-kontrola frekvence in globine dihanja na 2-4 ure<\/p>\n<p>-opazovanje nosnic, cianoze<\/p>\n<p>-merjenje saturacije<\/p>\n<p>-aplikacija kisika po naro\u010dilu<\/p>\n<p>-\u010di\u0161\u010denje dihalnih poti<\/p>\n<p>-primeren polo\u017eaj otroka<\/p>\n<p>-terapija po naro\u010dilu<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>93. Rast otroka: te\u017ea, obseg glavice, vi\u0161ina\/dol\u017eina (povpre\u010dne vrednosti)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-Te\u017ea: v prvem trimese\u010dju\u00a0 otro\u010dek pridobiva\u00a0 pribli\u017eno 25g dnavno, v drugem 20g dnevno, v tretjem 15g dnevno in v \u010detrtem 10g dnevno. V prvih \u0161estih mesecih svojo te\u017eo podvoji (mese\u010dno + 600g), v prvem letu pa potroji (mese\u010dno za + 500g)<\/p>\n<p>-Vi\u0161ina\/dol\u017eina: v drugem mesecu zraste za pribli\u017eno 3cm, v \u010detrtem in petem pa za pribli\u017eno 2cm. Ob koncu prvega leta je dolg med 70 in 80 cm. (pri treh mesecih41-42cm, pri \u0161estih mesecih 44-45cm.<\/p>\n<p>-Obseg glavice: 30-36cm ob rojstvu ,je relativno velika saj zavzema \u00bc telesne te\u017ee. Takoj po rojstvu vidimo edem na vekah<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>94. Razvoj grobe motorike (mejniki).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-novorojenec lahko glavo dvigne in obrne<\/p>\n<p>-v 3-4 mesecu je ritka izravnana, \u010de le\u017ei na rebuhu, opre se na komolce, s podlago tvori pravi kot.<\/p>\n<p>-v 6 mesecu pri legi na trebuhu se opre na podlago z iztegnjenimi komolci, kolki koleni<\/p>\n<p>-med 6 in 8 mesecom otrok sedi na trdi podlagi, opira se na svoje roke<\/p>\n<p>-med 10 in 12 mesecem sedi brez opore<\/p>\n<p>-med 9 in 10 mesem otrok prestopa, hodi ob opori<\/p>\n<p>-okrok 1 leta otrok shodi, pun\u010dke prej<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>95. Razvoj fine motorike: dlan, okulomotorika.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-Dlan<\/span>: -prva dva meseca je stisnjena pest<\/p>\n<p>-3-4 mesec se dlan odpira-DIGITOPALPALNI PRIJEM<\/p>\n<p>-6-7 mesec prime v roko, prestavlja, daje v usta<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 1 leto- PINCETNI PRIJEM<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-Okulomotorika<\/span>: -2. Mesec: opazuje, fiksira pogled za 20 sekund<\/p>\n<p>-5. Mesec: koordinacija o\u010des in akomodacija<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>96. Razvoj sluha in socializacija otroka, govor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-Sluh<\/span>: -reagira na hrup z morojevim refleksom<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; pri 4 mesecih se obrne v smeri zvoka<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-Socializacija<\/span>: -pri 2 mesecih se nasmehne<\/p>\n<p>-pri 4 mesecih se smeje, poka\u017ee nezadovoljstvo<\/p>\n<p>-pri 6 mesecih se boji neznancev<\/p>\n<p>-pri 9 mesecih se igra<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-Glasovi in govor<\/span>:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; v 3 mesecu za\u010dne brbljati<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; v 3 mesecu sestavlja zloge brez pomena<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; v 12 mesecu povezuje s pomenom<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>69. Razvoj sluha in socializacija otroka, govor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Sluh: <\/b>Od za\u010detka dojen\u010dek reagira na \u0161umenje, hrup\u2026z refleksom \u2013 Moorojev refleks. V 4. mesecu se obrne v smeri zvoka.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Socializacija:<\/b><b> <\/b>Dva meseca po rojstvu se nasmehne, v 4. mesecu se smeje naglas, poka\u017ee nezadovoljstvo (mimika, jok), pri 6. mesecih se za\u010dne bati neznancev, pri 9. mesecih se igra skrivanje (pod majico).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Glasovi in govor<\/p>\n<p><i>&#8211; predgovorno obdobje\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 do<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>&#8211; govorno obdobje\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8. meseca\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Govorna faza<\/span> = odvisna od sluha. Otrok poslu\u0161a, razume, vendar ne imenuje, govori. Pri 13. mesecih za\u010dne povezovati s pomenom.V tretjem mesecu za\u010dne otrok brbljati, povezuje soglasnik in samoglasnik. Ugotavljamo, \u010de ima govorni ritem. Pri 8. mesecu \u017ee izgovori zloge, vendar brez pomena.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>6<\/i>7. DRPT (Denverski Razvojni Presejalni test)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S pomo\u010djo DRPT preverjamo otrokovo stopnjo socializacije (denimo samostojnost pri umivanju, obla\u010denju, preprostih igrah &#8230;), stopnjo govora (spra\u0161ujemo ga po razlagi posameznih pojmov, besednih zvez &#8230;), stopnjo fine motorike (sposobnost risanja preprostih likov) in grobe motorike (stoja na eni nogi, poskakovanje &#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>98. Preventiva otitis media pri otroku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vnetje srednjega u\u0161esa je pri otrocih relativno pogosta, prav zato je pomembno dajih pravo\u010dasno odkrijemo in ukrepamo.<\/p>\n<p>Preventiva: &#8211; otroka damo v poslede\u010d polo\u017eaj med hranjenjem<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; spoznamo zgodnje znake vnetja u\u0161esa ( otrok se vle\u010de na uho, je siten..)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; zagotovimo otroku zrak brez cigaretnega dima<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>99. Razlo\u017eite pojme: radiacija, konvekcija, evaporacija, kondukcija.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-KONVEKCIJA: Prena\u0161anje toplote je odvisno od vla\u017eenja, temperature in me\u0161anja okoljskega zraka. Otrok lahko izgubi toploto, \u010de je hladno in je prepih\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -RADIACIJA: sevanje toplote je odvisno od temperature okoljskih predmetov.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -EVAPARACO: izhlapevanje toplote s povr\u0161in sluznic in ko\u017ee\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -KONDUKCIJA:\u00a0 prevodnost, oddajanje in sprejemanje toplote ob dotikanju.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>100. Varnost otroka doma.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-0-4mesecev<\/span><\/i>:-AS\u0160IRACIJA (previdna uporaba pudra)<\/p>\n<p>-ZADU\u0160ITEV (odstraniti pvc vre\u010dke iz dosega rok, ne uporabljamo blazin, cuclja ne prive\u017eemo okoli vratu, nikoli otroka ne pustimo samega v kadi)<\/p>\n<p>-PADCI ( nikoli ne pi\u0161\u010daj spu\u0161\u010denih stranic posteljice, otroka ne pu\u0161\u010damo na dvignjenih povr\u0161inah)<\/p>\n<p>-OPEKLINE ( vedno preverimo temperaturo hrane, preden jo damo otroku, preverimo temperaturo vode v kadi, previdno na soncu, ne pu\u0161\u010dati otroka samega v avtu, preverimo temperaturo v avtu, preden v njem peljemo otroka)<\/p>\n<p>-PREVOZ ( v ustreznem sede\u017eu, do 9 kg lahko spredaj-brez airbeg)<\/p>\n<p>-PO\u0160KODBE ( otroku ne dajemo ostrih predmetov, preglasnih igra\u010d)<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-4-7 mesecev<\/span><\/i>:-ASPIRACIJA (odstranimo gumbe , zame\u0161ke, trde bonbone, druge tr\u0161e predmete, le\u0161nike in semena, pozorni smo ko dajemo ko\u0161\u010dke jabolka, pi\u0161kode, otroka ne hranimo le\u017ee, ne ponujamo razstavljenih igra\u010d, umaknemo puder, baterije, sponke)<\/p>\n<p>-ZADU\u0160ITEV (odstranimo balone in rastavljene igra\u010de)<\/p>\n<p>-ZASTRUPITEV ( odstranim iz dosega rok \u010distila, zdravula in strupe, ne shranjujemo praznih steklenic, ne shranjujemo strupenih snovi v embala\u017ei za hrano, pazimo da ni strupena barva na igra\u010dkah, odstranimo ro\u017ee)<\/p>\n<p>-OPEKLINE ( sve\u010de in cigarete naj bodo visoko, pozorno na soncu, ograjica na \u0161tedilniku, elektri\u010dne vti\u010dnice je treba za\u0161\u010dititi)<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">-8-12mesecev<\/span><\/i>:-UTOPITVE ( previdno ob vsakemo<\/p>\n<p>Izvoru z vodo, vrata strani\u0161\u010da naj bodo zaprta, odstranimo nepotrebno vodo v posodah<\/p>\n<p>-PADCI ( ogradimo strani\u0161\u010da, varno obujemo otroka, preverimo da je pohi\u0161tvo varno pritrjeno)<\/p>\n<p>-ZASTRUPITVE ( zdravila, ne dajemo kot bonbon)<\/p>\n<p>-ODSTRANIMO PRT NA MIZI<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>101. Opi\u0161ite prijazen sprejem otroka na bolni\u0161ni\u010dni oddelek in njegovo pripravo na na\u010drtovano hospitalizacijo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ga prijazno pozdravimo in sprejmemo star\u0161e in otroka,s primerno komunikacijo dose\u017eemo medsebojno zaupanje in spo\u0161tovanje,zbere podatke o njegovem stanju glede na \u017eivljenjske aktivnosti,razlo\u017eimo dnevni red in jim razka\u017eemo prostore po oddelku. Priprava= Priprava otroka na na\u010drtovan sprejem v bolni\u0161nico je pomembna naloga star\u0161ev. Stra\u0161i morajo primerno otrokovi starosti, otroku pred prihodom v bolni\u0161nico s preprostimi besedami \u010dim bolj realno in iskreno razlo\u017eiti, zakaj mora v bolni\u0161nico, kaj se dogaja v bolni\u0161nici in kako\u00a0 je opremljena.<\/p>\n<p>Medicinske sestre\u00a0 imajo prav tako pomembno vlogo pri pripravi otroka na hospitalizacijo, saj star\u0161em ob prihodu pomagajo s pogovorom, jim predstavijo prostore oddelka, dnevni red, dejavnosti, osebje ter na\u010dine in postopke zdravstvene nege.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>102. Kaj je to kenguruj\u010dkanje, kako in kdaj se izvaja, zakaj ga vzpodbujamo?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mati polo\u017ei nedono\u0161en\u010dka v pokon\u010dnem polo\u017eaju na svoje gole prsi in ga tako pestuje. Nedono\u0161en\u010dki so bolj mirni,zdravje se jim hitreje izbolj\u0161uje,potrebujejo manj kisika,termoregulacija je bolj\u0161a,imajo manj prebavnih te\u017eav,matere jih dalj \u010dasa dojijo. Kenguruj\u010dkanje omogo\u010di tako telesni stik med star\u0161i in nedono\u0161en\u010dki in bla\u017ei posledice prezgodnjega poroda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Refleks izcejanja mleka (opis, dejavniki vpliva). Ve\u010dje koli\u010dine mleka nastajajo 30 \u2013 40 ur po porodu, Hormona prolaktin in oxytocin \u2013 ohranjanje visokega nivoja Prolaktin vzpodbudi nastajanje mleka in njegov dotok v alveole mle\u010dnih \u017elez. Sesanje izzive pove\u010dano sintezo in izlo\u010danje oxytocina in ta povzro\u010da kontrakcije v alveolah in tako iztiska mleko v mle\u010dne kanale &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/zdravstvena-nega-otroka-vaja-za-izpit-2-del-2014-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Preberi ve\u010d o <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Zdravstvena nega otroka vaja za izpit 2.del 2014<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":336,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[934],"tags":[963,1970,1973,1974],"class_list":["post-2489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2-letnik-zdravstvena-nega-otroka-in-mladostnika","tag-zdravstvena-nega-otroka","tag-zdravstvena-nega-otroka-izpit","tag-zdravstvena-nega-otroka-vaja-za-izpit","tag-zdravstvena-nega-otroka-vaja-za-izpit-2-del-2014"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/336"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}