{"id":587,"date":"2009-02-07T22:09:40","date_gmt":"2009-02-07T21:09:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/?p=587"},"modified":"2010-06-15T14:22:06","modified_gmt":"2010-06-15T13:22:06","slug":"ginekologina-in-porodnistvo-izobrazevanje-zgradba-ovarija-anatomski-deli-jajcevoda-jajcevod-vagina-deli-maternice-ovulacija-citodiagnostika-bris-matericnega-vratu-klasifikacija-brisov-nova-faze-menst","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/ginekologina-in-porodnistvo-izobrazevanje-zgradba-ovarija-anatomski-deli-jajcevoda-jajcevod-vagina-deli-maternice-ovulacija-citodiagnostika-bris-matericnega-vratu-klasifikacija-brisov-nova-faze-menst\/","title":{"rendered":"Ginekologija in porodni\u0161tvo prvih 20 vpra\u0161anj in odgovorov"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"zgradba-jajcnika\"1. <\/strong>ZGRADBA OVARIJA<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vezivna ovojnica ( Tunica Albuginea )<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Skorja ( Substantia Corticalis )<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sredica ( Substantia Medularis )<\/p>\n

2. <\/strong>RAZVOJ FOLIKLOV <\/strong><\/p>\n

Poznamo ve\u010d razvojnih faz foliklov. Rast in razvoj foliklov imenujemo folikulogeneza. V obeh jaj\u010dnikih pri novorojenki jih je do 400.000. Ve\u010dina teh primordialnih foliklov propade. Od pubertete naprej folikle stimulirajo\u010di hormonom (FSH) iz adenohipofize vzpodbuja rast foliklov in tako nadaljuje z razvojem 30 do 40 primordialnih foliklov vsakih 28 dni.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Folikli dozorevajo v prvi polovici mese\u010dnega ciklusa v folikularni fazi, ki se kon\u010da z ovulacijo. Sledi luteinska faza, ki se kon\u010da z menstruacijo.\u00a0V reproduktivnem obdobju \u017eenske dozori okoli 450 jaj\u010dec, ker v enem ciklusu, ki obi\u010dajno traja 28 dni, dose\u017ee popolno zrelost samo en, to je dominantni folikel. Vsi ostali nedozoreli folikli propadejo.<\/p>\n

2.1\u00a0\u00a0 PRIMORDIALNI FOLIKLI (Pred rojstvom )\u00a0 Jaj\u010dna celica + plast epitelijskih celic. Ob rojstvu 7oo.ooo do 2.mio<\/p>\n

2.2\u00a0\u00a0 PRIMARNI FOLIKLI – Jaj\u010dna celica + plast kuboidnih epitelijskih celic. 4oo.ooo, Ob puberteti 30-4o.ooo<\/p>\n

2.3\u00a0\u00a0 SEKUNDARNI FOLIKLI – Jaj\u010dece + ve\u010dslojna plast zrnatih celic + foliklova teko\u010dina + vezivna ovojnica<\/p>\n

2.4\u00a0\u00a0 TERCIARNI FOLIKEL – GRAAFOV FOLIKEL – Jaj\u010dece, cumulus oophorus, antrum folliculi, stratum granulosum, theca interna, theca externa, 400 ovulacij<\/p>\n

2.5\u00a0\u00a0 CORPUS LUTEUM ( Menstruationis graviditatis, iz granuloznih in notranjih teka-celic )<\/p>\n

2.6\u00a0\u00a0 BELO TELESCE – Corpus Albicans<\/p>\n

3. <\/strong>OPI\u0160I TERCIARNI – GRAAFOV FOLIKEL <\/strong><\/p>\n

Iz Graafovega folikla se ob ovulaciji sprosti sekundarna oocita v metafazi, folikel pa se pretvori v rumeno telesce.<\/p>\n

Jaj\u010dece, Cumulus oophorius, antrum folliculi (votlinica), stratum granulosum,\u00a0theca interna (izlo\u010da estrogene ), theca externa (vezivo in gladke mi\u0161ice).<\/p>\n

4. <\/strong>NA\u0160TEJ ANATOMSKE DELE JAJCEVODA<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Materni\u010dni del – intersticialni del<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ozki del – istmi\u010dni del<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ampularni del<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infundibularni del\u00a0 (podoben lijaku z resicami, ki lovijo jaj\u010deca)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Materni\u010dno ustje (ostium uterinum)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trebu\u0161no ustje (ostium abdominale)<\/p>\n

5. <\/strong>DELI MATERNICE <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"uterus\"
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Materni\u010dno telo – korpus <\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Materni\u010dni vrh – Fundus<\/p>\n

Materni\u010dna o\u017eina – istmus
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Materni\u010dni vrat – cerviks <\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nadno\u017eni\u010dni del<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No\u017eni\u010dni del<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Materni\u010dna votlina – Kavum uterusa<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kanal materni\u010dnega vratu – Cervikalni kanal<\/p>\n

Sluznica<\/strong> – endometrij, Mi\u0161i\u010dna plast<\/strong> – myometrium, Zunanja serozna plast<\/strong> – perimetrium ali potrebu\u0161nica, Parametrij.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KOSTI MEDENICE <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kol\u010dnica – Os coxae<\/p>\n

\u010crevnica – Os ileum<\/p>\n

Sednica – Os ishii<\/p>\n

Sramnica – Os pubis<\/p>\n

Kri\u017enica – Os sacrum<\/p>\n

Trtica – Os coccygis<\/p>\n

Velika medenica, Mala medenica<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MEDENI\u010cNO DNO – 3 PLASTI <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>
\n
\nEndopelvi\u010dna fascija<\/p>\n

Mi\u0161ica dvigovalka zadnjica (Musculus levator ani)<\/p>\n

Urogenitalna prepona (Zapira zev med krakoma levatorja, dva sloja fascije vmes manj\u0161e mi\u0161ice.)<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

8. <\/strong>UGOTAVLJANJE OVULACIJE <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaginalna bazalna telesna temparatura (BTT)<\/p>\n

Cervikalna sluz<\/p>\n

Vaginalna citologija<\/p>\n

Histolo\u0161ka preiskava endometrija (potezna abrazija)<\/p>\n

Hormonske preiskave (E2,P,FSH,LH)<\/p>\n

Serijska ultrazvo\u010dna preiskava ovarijev in endometrija<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

9. <\/strong>KAJ NASTANE iz MULLERJEVIH VODOV<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jajcevod, maternica, zgornji dve tretjini no\u017enice<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

10. <\/strong>NEPRAVILNOSTI V RAZVOJU MULLERJEVIH VODOV <\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odsotnost kanalizacije no\u017enice in maternice<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Motnje spajanja Mullerjevega tumerkla z urogenitalnim sinusom<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

11. <\/strong>VZROKI ZA NASTANEK MALFORACIJ REPRODUKTIVNEGA SISTEMA <\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Genopatije, mutacije genov<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kromosomopatije<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Teratogeni agensi<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Motnje v sintezi in delovanju hormonov<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Motnje v delovanju encimov<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

12. <\/strong>OPREMA GINEKOLO\u0160KE PREISKOVALNICE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prostor za sla\u010denje<\/p>\n

Preiskovalna miza, mizica z instrumenti<\/p>\n

Kolposkop in svetilka<\/p>\n

Ultrazvo\u010dni aparat<\/p>\n

Pisalna miza za zdravnika, prostor za med.sestro, posode za odlaganje odpadkov.<\/p>\n

13. <\/strong>CITODIAGNOSTIKA <\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bris materi\u010dnega vratu<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bris sluznice no\u017enice (spremembe, hormonsko stanje)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bris sprememb na spolovilu<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Citodiagnostika teko\u010dine iz trebu\u0161ne votline, punktata cist…<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aspiracijska biopsija ( spremembe na dojkah, solidne spremembe v mali medenici, bezgavke)<\/p>\n

14. <\/strong>NOVA KLASIFIKACIJA IZVIDOV BRISOV MATERI\u010cNEGA VRATU<\/strong><\/p>\n

A = normalen<\/p>\n

B= reaktiven<\/p>\n

PATOLO\u0160KI BRIS<\/p>\n

C= 1,3,4,5,6,10 – Plo\u0161\u010date celice\u00a0\u00a0 2,7,9 = \u017elezne celice<\/p>\n

CITOLO\u0160KA KONTROLA ali HISTOLO\u0160KA KONTROLA<\/p>\n

15. <\/strong>ENDOSKOPSKE DIAGNOSTI\u010cNE PREISKAVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vaginoskopija (otro\u0161ka ali adolescentna ginekologija)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Histeroskopija<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Laparoskopija<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kuldoskopija<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uretrocistoskopija<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rektoskopija<\/p>\n

16. <\/strong>SLIKOVNE DIAGNOSTI\u010cNE METODE<\/strong><\/p>\n

UZ pregled<\/p>\n

RTG metode ( HSG, Uretrocistografija, Limfografija, CT, NMR, Scintigrafija )<\/p>\n

17. <\/strong>OPI\u0160I NORMALNI MENSTRUALNI CIKLUS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trajanje ciklusa od 21 do 35 dni<\/p>\n

Trajanje menstruacije od 2 do 8 dni<\/p>\n

Jakost menstruacije = srednja<\/p>\n

18. <\/strong>FAZE MENSTRUALNEGA CIKLUSA<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Folikularna in luteinska faza<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Estrogenska in progesteronska faza<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proliferativna in sekrecijska faza<\/p>\n

Bolj stabilna je druga faza ciklusa – pribli\u017eno 14 dni.<\/p>\n

Menstruacija spada v prvo fazo ciklusa. Ciklus se pri\u010dne s prvim dnem menstruacije.<\/p>\n

19. <\/strong>MOTNJE V JAKOSTI MENSTRUALNE KRVAVITVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160IBKA menstruacija = hipomenoreja<\/p>\n

MO\u010cNA menstruacija = hipermenoreja<\/p>\n

PREMO\u010cNA in PODALJ\u0160ANA = menoragija<\/p>\n

MANJ\u0160E krvavitve in izcedki = spotting<\/p>\n

INTRAMENSTRUALNA = ovulacijska<\/p>\n

PREMENSTRUALNA<\/p>\n

POMENSTRUALNA<\/p>\n

<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

20. <\/strong>KAJ JE AMENOREJA, NJENA RAZDELITEV<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amenoreja = izostanek menstruacije ve\u010d kot 6 mesecev<\/p>\n

Fiziolo\u0161ka = pred menarhe, po menopavzi<\/p>\n

Primarna amenoreja po 16.letu (prava, la\u017ena, kriptomenoreja)<\/p>\n

Sekundarna amenoreja = 3 mesece in ve\u010d izostanka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. ZGRADBA OVARIJA –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vezivna ovojnica ( Tunica Albuginea ) –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Skorja ( Substantia Corticalis ) –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sredica ( Substantia Medularis ) 2. RAZVOJ FOLIKLOV Poznamo ve\u010d razvojnih faz foliklov. Rast in razvoj foliklov imenujemo folikulogeneza. V obeh jaj\u010dnikih pri novorojenki jih je do 400.000. Ve\u010dina teh primordialnih foliklov propade. Od pubertete naprej folikle stimulirajo\u010di … Preberi ve\u010d o Ginekologija in porodni\u0161tvo prvih 20 vpra\u0161anj in odgovorov<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":336,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[636],"tags":[644,646,643,640,3664,637,645,642,641,647,639,638],"class_list":["post-587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2letnik-ginekologija-in-porodnistvo","tag-bris-matericnega-vratu","tag-citodiagnostika","tag-endoskopske-diagnosticne-preiskave","tag-faze-menstrualnega-ciklusa","tag-2letnik-ginekologija-in-porodnistvo","tag-ginekologija-in-porodnistvo","tag-klasifikacija-brisov-matericnega-vratu","tag-menstrualni-ciklus","tag-motnje-menstruacije","tag-mullerjevi-vodi","tag-razvoj-foliklov","tag-zgradba-ovarija"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/336"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=587"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/587\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zdravstvena.info\/vsznj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}